Inkuru yo guta imyanda

Igice cyo guta imyanda (kizwi kandi nk'ishami rishinzwe guta imyanda, guta imyanda, garburator n'ibindi) ni igikoresho, ubusanzwe gikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi, gishyirwa munsi y’igikoni hagati y’amazi y’umutego n'umutego.Igice cyo kujugunya imyanda y'ibiribwa mo uduce duto bihagije - muri rusange munsi ya mm 2 (0.079 in) z'umurambararo - kugira ngo unyure mu mazi.

Amateka

Igice cyo kujugunya imyanda cyavumbuwe mu 1927 na John W. Hammes umwubatsi ukorera i Racine, muri Wisconsin.Yasabye ipatanti mu 1933 yatanzwe mu 1935. yashyizeho isosiyete ye ishyira disposer ye ku isoko mu 1940.Ikirego cya Hammes ntikivugwaho rumwe, kubera ko General Electric yashyizeho ishami rishinzwe guta imyanda mu 1935, rizwi ku izina rya Disposal
Mu mijyi myinshi yo muri Amerika mu myaka ya za 1930 na 1940, gahunda y’imyanda y’amakomine yari ifite amabwiriza abuza gushyira imyanda y’ibiribwa (imyanda) muri sisitemu.John yakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi, kandi yaratsinze cyane mu kwemeza uturere twinshi gukuraho ibyo bibujijwe.

Uturere twinshi muri Amerika twabujije gukoresha imiti.Mu myaka myinshi, abatwara imyanda ntibyemewe mu mujyi wa New York kubera ko bigaragara ko byangiritse ku miyoboro y’imyanda yo muri uyu mujyi.Nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bw’amezi 21 n’ishami rya NYC rishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, iryo tegeko ryahagaritswe mu 1997 n’amategeko y’ibanze 1997/071, yahinduye ingingo ya 24-518.1, Amategeko y’ubutegetsi ya NYC.

Mu mwaka wa 2008, umujyi wa Raleigh, muri Leta ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru wagerageje kubuza gusimbuza no gushyira imyanda y’imyanda, nayo igera mu mijyi yo hanze isangira gahunda y’imyanda yo muri uyu mujyi, ariko nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe ikuraho.

Kurera abana muri Amerika

Muri Amerika, amazu agera kuri 50% yari afite ibikoresho byo kujugunya guhera mu 2009, ugereranije na 6% gusa mu Bwongereza na 3% muri Kanada.

Muri Suwede, amakomine amwe arashishikarizwa gushyiraho imyanda kugira ngo yongere umusaruro wa biyogazi. Bamwe mu bayobozi b’ibanze mu Bwongereza batera inkunga yo kugura imyanda iva mu myanda hagamijwe kugabanya imyanda ijya mu myanda.

Impamvu

Ibisigazwa by'ibiribwa biva kuri 10% kugeza kuri 20% by'imyanda yo mu ngo, kandi ni ibintu bitera ibibazo by'imyanda ya komini, bigatera ubuzima rusange, isuku n'ibidukikije kuri buri ntambwe, guhera ku bubiko bw'imbere hanyuma bigakurikirwa no gukusanya amakamyo.Gutwikwa mu myanda-y’ingufu, amazi menshi arimo ibisigazwa byibiribwa bivuze ko gushyushya no gutwika bitwara ingufu zirenze izo zitanga;yashyinguwe mu myanda, ibisigazwa by’ibiribwa birabora kandi bitanga gaze metani, gaze ya parike igira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

Ikigaragara inyuma yo gukoresha neza imiti ni ugufata neza ibisigazwa byibiribwa nkamazi (ugereranije 70% byamazi, nkimyanda yabantu), kandi ugakoresha ibikorwa remezo bihari (imyanda yo mu kuzimu hamwe n’inganda zitunganya amazi y’amazi) mu micungire yacyo.Ibimera bigezweho byamazi bigira akamaro mugutunganya ibinyabuzima bivangwa nifumbire (bizwi nka biosolide), hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho nabyo bifata metani kugirango itange ingufu.